Genipin

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[ Source ] Genipa americana fruit 
[ CAS NO. ] 6902-77-8
[ Molecular Formula ] C11H14O5
[ Molecular Weight ] 226.226
[ Appearance ] White Powder
[ Purity ] ≥98% (HPLC)

[ Function ]
1. Lowers blood glucose and stimulates insulin secretion; used in research on type 2 diabetes.
2. Enhances the distribution of Mrp2 protein and promotes bilirubin clearance.
3. Exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic effects; induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells by activating caspase-3 and caspase-7.
4. Promotes axonal regeneration in damaged neurons and restores the populations of neural crest cells and sensory neurons in models of familial dysautonomia (FD).
5. Inhibits rotavirus activity, suppressing viral replication and modulating inflammatory responses.
6. Used as a blue pigment additive in various food products.

[ Application ]
1. Biomedical materials:
Preparation of artificial bone, wound dressings, tissue-engineered blood vessels, and cross-linking agents for immobilized enzymes.
2. Stabilization of decellularized tissues:
Such as the cross-linking and stabilization of decellularized porcine cartilage; it elicits a lower inflammatory response compared to traditional glutaraldehyde cross-linking agents.
3. Food industry:
Blue pigment additive used in various food products, including sports drinks, flavored water, fruit-flavored beverages, ready-to-drink teas, hard candies, and gummies.

About Genipin
Genipin is the aglycone of geniposide—the primary active constituent of Genipa americana fruit —and is the key component responsible for geniposide's therapeutic effects; it belongs to the class of iridoid glycosides. Research has demonstrated that genipin possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including hepatoprotective and choleretic effects, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antithrombotic, and anti-fibrotic activities, and potential in treating diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
As a biological cross-linking agent, genipin has been extensively studied and applied in the biomedical field, where it is used to fabricate materials such as artificial biological dressings, tissue-engineered blood vessels, and artificial bone.
In the food industry, genipin is utilized to improve the texture and shelf life of certain food products. In 2025, the U.S. FDA approved the use of gardenia (genipin) blue pigment in a variety of food products, including sports drinks, flavored or functional non-carbonated waters, fruit-flavored drinks and sodas, ready-to-drink teas, and hard and soft candies.