Mangiferin

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[ Herb Source ] Canscora decussata, the leaf of Mangifera indica L
[ CAS NO. ] 4773-96-0
[ Molecular Formula ] C19H18O11
[ Molecular Weight ] 422.342
[ Physical Property ] Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, lipid
[ Specification ] 60%-90% HPLC
[ Appearance ] Pale-yellow to yellow green powder

[ Function ]
1. It can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), protecting cells from oxidative damage.
2. It can alleviate chronic inflammatory reactions such as arthritis and enteritis.
3. It inhibits neuronal apoptosis, potentially improving neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
4. It activates the AMPK pathway, enhances insulin sensitivity, inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, and improves symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
5. It lowers serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.
6. It can inhibit UV-induced photoaging of the skin, reduce melanin production, and promote collagen synthesis, delaying the formation of wrinkles.

About Mangiferin
Mangiferin, a natural polyphenol is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. However the molecular mechanism underlying these effects has not been well characterized. Because NF- B plays an important role in these processes, it is possible that mangiferin modulates NF- B activation. Our results show that mangiferin blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced NF- B activation and NF- B-dependent genes like ICAM1 and COX2. The effect was mediated through inhibition of IKK activation and subsequent blocking of phosphorylation and degradation of I B .In addition, mangiferin inhibits TNF-induced p65 phosphorylation as well as translocation to the nucleus and also inhibits NF- B activation induced by other inflammatory agents like PMA, ceramide, and SA-LPS. Mangiferin, similar to the other known antioxidants, NAC and PDTC, inhibits TNF-induced reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) generation. Since intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels are known to modulate NF- B levels, we measured the levels of GSH. Mangiferin enhances glutathione level by almost 2-fold more than other anti-oxidants, and at the same time it decreases the levels of GSSG and increases the activity of catalase. Depletion of GSH by buthionine sulfoximine led to a significant reversal of mangiferin effect. Hence mangiferin with its ability to inhibit NF- B and increase the intracellular GSH levels may prove to be a potent drug for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapy. Mangiferin-mediated down-regulation of NF- B also potentiates chemotherapeutic agent-mediated cell death, suggesting a role in combination therapy for cancer. 
Mangiferin from the leaves has been reported to possess antiinflammatory, diuretic, chloretic and cardiotonic activities and displays a high antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. It has been recommended as a drug in preventing dental plaques.
Mangiferin is often added to antioxidant supplements or skincare products for anti-aging and skin-improving effects.